The eye's deflection

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We know three types of refractive errors, short-sightedness or myopia, long-sightedness or hyperopia and astigmatism.

	Myopia or Short sightedness is a vision problem experienced by almost one-third of the population. It is the inability of a person to see the distant objects clearly. For proper eyesight, the cornea (the clear window in front of the eye) and the lens (behind the pupil) must properly focus or "refract" light onto the retina (at the back of the eye). If the length or shape of the eye is not ideal, the light may get focused too early or too late leaving a blurred image on the retina. This problem is often discovered in school children and becomes progressively worse through adolescence and stabilize in early adulthood.
	Hyperopia or Long sightedness is a common vision problem, affecting almost a fourth of the population. People with hyperopia can see distant objects clearly but have difficulty seeing objects that are near. Long sightedness or hyperopia, occurs if a persons eyeball is too short or when the cornea is too flat when compared to the normal eye. The light entering the eye focuses behind the retina, instead of directly on it hence close objects look blurred. Young people with mild to moderate hyperopia are often able to see clearly because their eyes can adjust, or accommodate to increase the eye's focusing ability. However, at later years the eye gradually loses the ability to accommodate and blurred vision becomes more apparent.
	Astigmatism is a refractive error which causes blurred or distorted vision. It is one of the most common vision problems. Astigmatism usually occurs when the front surface of the eye, the cornea, has an irregular curvature. This irregular shape prevents light from focusing properly on the back of the eye, the retina. As a result, a person's vision may be blurred at all distances. Normally the cornea is smooth and equally curved in all directions. With astigmatism, the cornea is "warped", meaning it curves more in one direction and objects appear somewhat indistinct and slanted. It can occur with or without shortsightedness or long-sightedness.